南非现正处于另一波针对非裔移民的攻击之中:本周在普里托利亚(Pretoria)与约翰尼斯堡,群众高喊着排外口号,洗劫、烧毁外国人的商家及住宅。
在 2008 年及 2015 年,类似的暴力活动也曾席卷全国:当时暴徒杀害了数人,并造成大量财物损失。
星期五,在首都一场大型反移民示威活动之后,警方发射了震撼弹及橡皮子弹来驱散冲突群众,其中有移民、也有反移民的抗议者。
抗议者把国内的高犯罪率归咎于移民──尤其是与性交易和违禁药物有关的犯罪──并指控移民抢走了南非公民的工作。据估计,作为非洲大陆寻求庇护者的主要目的国之一,南非现约住有 220 万移民。
南非总统朱玛(Jacob Zuma)说,南非人并不排外,他们只是受够了犯罪。
许多网路使用者纷纷谴责最新一波针对移民的攻击,有些人还提出了一些理论,来解释为何排外对很多南非人来说似乎正中下怀。
在推特(Twitter)上,Leandri J van Vuuren 说这整件事都要归结于政府失职:
Cause of #xenophobia in South Africa: scarcity of resources, lack of housing, service delivery, education & jobs. Government is failing us.
— Leandri J van Vuuren (@Lean3JvV) February 24, 2017
南非 #xenophobia(排外心理)的成因:资源匮乏、住房不足、公共服务、教育与就业。政府让我们失望了。
— Leandri J van Vuuren (@Lean3JvV) February 24, 2017
Lola de Lola 说,排外不能解决南非的社会问题:
Every society in this #madworld has deep social problems but #Xenophobia is not the solution, we shall be ashamed. South Africa stop it.
— LolaDeLola (@Lola_de_Lola) February 24, 2017
在这个 #madworld(疯狂的世界)里,每个社会都有它根深柢固的问题,但 #xenophobia(排外)不是解决之道,我们应该感到羞耻。南非,停止吧。
— LolaDeLola (@Lola_de_Lola) February 24, 2017
Lord Skibabs 说,犯罪无国籍:
? “Fight crime, not fellow Africans” Crime doesn't have a nationality #Xenophobia #SouthAfrica ? pic.twitter.com/bP6oEQCRPQ
— Lord Skibabs (@Skibabs) February 24, 2017
?「打击犯罪,而不是非裔同胞。」犯罪无国籍。#xenophobia(排外) #SouthAfrica(南非) ? pic.twitter.com/bP6oEQCRPQ
— Lord Skibabs (@Skibabs) February 24, 2017
Abdulrahman 感叹:
South Africa…this is not the rainbow nation you used to be! ? #Xenophobia #enca #SABCinquiry
— Abdulrahman (@Rahmanchulo) February 24, 2017
南非⋯⋯你已不是那曾经的彩虹国度!? #xenophobia(排外) #enca(非洲电子新闻频道) #SABCinquiry(南非广播公司新闻调查)
— Abdulrahman (@Rahmanchulo) February 24, 2017
「彩虹国度」是图图(Desmond Tutu)大主教于1994 年所创的新词,用以形容后种族隔离时代的南非;其后,南非的第一位总统曼德拉(Nelson Mandela)则让它广为人知。
注意到抗议活动与暴力行为多半都是针对来自非洲国家的外籍人士,Amandla 写道:
“South Africa belongs to all who live in it” is non-applicable to African nationals but applicable to white foreigners? Sidakiwe la eMzansi.
— Amandla! (@AmandlaMobi) February 24, 2017
「南非属于所有在地居民」不适用于非裔人士,只适用于白种外国人?我们这些南方人是茫了吧。
— Amandla! (@AmandlaMobi) February 24, 2017
塞内加尔驻南非大使馆经济处长 Samba Thiam,在推特上分享了他的亲身经验:
Associating foreigners with crime is so silly. Have been facing xenophobia since day-1 in South Africa as diplomatic agent. Still dealing!
— Samba Alassane Thiam (@jesuismackysall) February 20, 2017
把外国人与犯罪联结在一起真是太蠢了。从在南非担任外交人员的第一天起,我就不断感受到[南非人的]排外心理。还在调适中!
— Samba Alassane Thiam (@jesuismackysall) February 20, 2017
有些人说,应该用「排非」这个词来取代「排外」:
@shewolfmo there is no xenophobia in South Africa, it's afrophobia Indians, Pakistanis and White people not affected by these attacks
— HEMEDI MOHA® (@HemediMoha) February 24, 2017
@shewolfmo 南非不是排外,是排非。印度人、巴基斯坦人与白人都没遭受这些攻击。
— HEMEDI MOHA® (@HemediMoha) February 24, 2017
另一位名为 Munyati 的推特用户则建议:
At this rate, we might have to think about dropping the “Africa” from South Africa. #Xenophobia #XenoMarch #Xenophobicattacks #TshwaneUnrest
— Munyati (@GotMunyati) February 24, 2017
照这样下去,我们可能得考虑把「非」字从「南非」里去掉了。#xenophobia(排外) #XenoMarch(排外游行) #Xenophobicattacks(排外攻击) #TshwaneUnrest(茨瓦内之乱)
— Munyati (@GotMunyati) February 24, 2017
Motshubane 呼吁[进行]全国性的心理评估:
South Africa needs to go for a psychological evaluation of sorts… something twisted in the way we view things. ? #Xenophobia
— Motshubane (@motshubane) February 24, 2017
南非需要接受某种心理评估了⋯⋯我们看事情的方式实在有点扭曲。? #xenophobia(排外心理)
— Motshubane (@motshubane) February 24, 2017
半岛电视台(Al Jazeera)特派员 Haru Mutasa 则呼吁记者要教育南非人,关于非洲国家在反种族隔离的奋斗中所扮演的角色:
xenophobia, journalists need to do stories on how the region helped southafrica during apartheid, maybe ignorance can change to knowledge?
— harumutasa/aljazeera (@harumutasa) February 24, 2017
排外心理。记者需要报导这片地区是如何在种族隔离时期帮助了南非,也许无知能转化为知识?
— harumutasa/aljazeera (@harumutasa) February 24, 2017
在脸书(Facebook)上,与国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)有合作的媒体经理 Robert Shivambu 坦承:
Today is one of those days that I am ashamed to say that I am South African. #NoToXenophobia
今天是我羞于承认自己是南非人的一天。 #NoToXenophobia(拒绝排外)
那些支持示威者的人拒绝接受「排外」的标签。比方说,Joe Selimo 就主张,南非人是在打击毒品与性交易,不是移民或外国文化:
Why is it #xenophobia when south Africans fight drugs nd prostitution in their area,they're the ones who suffers at the end of the day
— Joe selimo (@Mjselimo) February 23, 2017
为什么南非人在自己的地盘上打击毒品与性交易要被说是 #xenophobia(排外)?到头来他们才是要承受这些的人。
— Joe selimo (@Mjselimo) February 23, 2017
Lemenemene 问, 那些批评抗议群众的人,看起来不是也挺接受那些关于南非人、带有排异意味的观点吗:
How does one go about unpacking the perception held by a lot of foreigners that South Africans are lazy without coming across as xenophobic?
— Honorable Lemenemene (@HovaXXI) February 24, 2017
为什么一个人四处散播很多外国人认为「南非人很懒」的观感,就不会被认为是排异?
— Honorable Lemenemene (@HovaXXI) February 24, 2017
Senzo Mncwabe 说,南非人只是需要空间:
@Boity its not xenophobia each an every person must go where they was born we need a space in south africa its not china here please
— Senzo_mncwabe (@senzo_weezy) February 24, 2017
@Boity 这不是排外。每个人都得回到他们出生的地方,我们南非需要空间。拜托,这里又不是中国。
— Senzo_mncwabe (@senzo_weezy) February 24, 2017